池养线纹尖塘鳢的生殖及全人工繁殖

引进线纹尖塘鳢野生幼鱼,在池塘驯养至性成熟,经多代的混合选育,2002年育出子二代以后亲本2 000尾。进行池塘人工诱导产卵、受精,连续4年间获得受精卵6 143.5万粒,孵育出仔鱼4 983万尾,孵化率81.1%,相对孵育仔鱼量为65.1尾/g,取得全人工繁殖成功。试验结果表明,线纹尖塘鳢的卵小,长径仅0.6~0.9 mm,短径0.4~0.6 mm,初孵仔鱼全长2.875 mm;仔鱼混合营养期短,仅2~3 d以上,这些特点对仔鱼成活率极为不利。     

4种常用渔药对云斑尖塘鳢幼鱼的急性毒性试验

在室温静水条件下,测定了聚维酮碘、高锰酸钾、溴氯海因和硫酸铜等4种常用药物对平均体重为（1.61±0.57）g的云斑尖塘鳢幼鱼的急性毒性试验。结果表明,聚维酮碘、高锰酸钾、溴氯海因和硫酸铜对云斑尖塘鳢幼鱼的安全浓度分别为9.44mg/L、1.28mg/L、12.55mg/L和1.03mg/L;4种药物对云斑尖塘鳢幼鱼的毒性大小依次为：硫酸铜＞高锰酸钾＞聚维酮碘＞溴氯海因;4种药物的安全浓度均高于生产使用的常用剂量,在云斑尖塘鳢苗种培育过程中可以安全使用。     

循环水养殖花鳗鲡适宜温度的研究

[目的]提高花鳗鲡的养殖效益.[方法]在工厂化循环水养殖系统条件下,探讨不同温度对花鳗鲡日增重、摄食率及特定生长率的影响.[结果]规格为(197.62±7.98) g/ind的花鳗鲡摄食和生长的适宜温度范围为28.5～29.5℃,在适温范围内的最大日增重为1.831 g/d,最大摄食率为0.738％/d,最大特定生长率为0.831.规格为(451.49±12.78) g/ind的花鳗鲡摄食和生长的适宜温度范围为28.5 ～29.5℃,在适温度范围内的最大日增重为2.860 g/d,最大摄食率为0.659％/d,最大特定生长率为0.588.[结论]花鳗鲡生长适宜的温度为28.5 ～29.5℃.     

线纹尖塘鳢(♀)、云斑尖塘鳢(♂)及其杂交、回交子代遗传变异的微卫星分析

为选育出生长快、外形美、耐粗饲、易起捕的尖塘鳢属鱼类新品种。本研究用20对微卫星引物对线纹尖塘鳢(♀)、云斑尖塘鳢(♂)及其杂交、回交子代的遗传变异进行分析。结果表明：20对引物在4个群体中共检测出87个等位基因,平均等位基因数以线纹尖塘鳢最低(1.6087),杂交子代F1最高(2.9130);平均有效等位基因数依次为云斑尖塘鳢(2.2570)>杂交子代F1(2.1516)>回交子代F2(2.1061)>线纹尖塘鳢(1.5164);在4个群体中平均观测杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)、多态信息含量(PIC)和香农指数(I*)4个参数的变化范围分别为：0.4891~0.7767、0.2714~0.5193、0.3473~0.4458、0.3662~0.7993。其中,各参数均为线纹尖塘鳢群体最低,平均观测杂合度和香农指数杂交子代F1最高,平均期望杂合度回交子代F2最高,多态信息含量云斑尖塘鳢群体最高,且各群体的平均观测杂合度均高于平均期望杂合度;哈代-温伯格平衡的χ2检验结果表明：绝大多数位点发生了偏离(P<0.05);根据Nei’s遗传距离建立的UPGMA聚类图表明：杂交子代F1和回交子代F2聚为一支后再与线纹尖塘鳢聚为一支,而云斑尖塘鳢为另一支,并且无论是杂交还是回交均表现了一定的母本效应。     

Cu2+和Pb2+对石蚕蛾幼虫的急毒性研究

[目的]研究Cu~(2+)和Pb~(2+)对石蚕蛾幼虫的急毒性效应和安全浓度。[方法]从广西十万大山保护区采集石蚕蛾(Stenopsyche marmorata)幼虫,采用静水生物毒性试验法进行重金属离子Cu~(2+)和Pb~(2+)对其的急毒性试验。采用概率单位法分别计算Cu~(2+)和Pb~(2+)对石蚕蛾幼虫的半致死浓度和安全浓度。[结果]Cu~(2+)对石蚕蛾幼虫的24、48、72、96 h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为123.651、112.975、84.536和70.509 mg/L,Pb~(2+)对石蚕蛾幼虫的24、48、72、96 h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为49.138、41.878、30.735和29.245 mg/L。Cu~(2+)和Pb~(2+)对石蚕蛾幼虫的安全浓度分别为7.051和2.925 mg/L。[结论]研究结果可为将石蚕蛾幼虫用作水体重金属污染指示生物提供科学依据。     

花鳗、欧鳗和日本鳗肌肉无机元素的分析

采用电感耦合等等子体发射光谱仪对花鳗、欧鳗和日本鳗肌肉无机元素组成进行了测定。结果表明:花鳗肌肉中Ca含量最高,P含量次之。欧鳗和日本鳗肌肉中P含量最高,Ca含量次之。三种鳗鲡肌肉中Na、Mg、K含量相近且高低顺序相同,花鳗肌肉中常量元素和Zn、Fe、Mn的含量均高于欧鳗和日本鳗。三种鳗鲡肌肉中均含人体不可缺少的微量元素Zn。据此可认为花鳗营养价值最高。     

Migratory history of the giant mottled eel (Anguilla marmorata) in the Bonin Islands of Japan

Chino N, Arai T. Migratory history of the giant mottled eel ( Anguilla marmorata ) in the Bonin Islands of Japan.
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 19–25. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S
Abstract –  In order to elucidate the migratory history and habitat use of the giant mottled eel Anguilla marmorata, in the Bonin Islands of Japan, strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) concentrations in otoliths were examined by X-ray electron microprobe analysis. The X-ray intensity map and line analyses showed three fluctuation patterns: (i) freshwater residence, (ii) continuous residence in brackish water, and (iii) residence in freshwater after recruitment, while returning to brackish water. Based on these results and previous studies, the migratory behaviours of A. marmorata appear to differ in each habitat in response to inter- and intra-specific competition. The results suggest that A. marmorata has a flexible pattern of migration, with an ability to adapt to various habitats and salinities.     

云斑尖塘鳢♀×线纹尖塘鳢♂杂交育种的初步研究

利用从国外引进的云斑、线纹尖塘鳢的自繁后代,经过强化培育、性腺促熟后,2009年5-9月开展人工杂交试验。试验结果:孵化水温28~30℃时,云斑尖塘鳢♀×线纹尖塘鳢♂孵化时间68h,受精率为90.0%,孵化率为83.6%,培苗出苗率为60.51%,研究证明尖塘鳢属种间杂交可以成功。     

Apical Shell Sculpture of some African Freshwater Limpets (Mollusca: Basommatophora: Ancylidae)

Physa marmorata, originally described from the Lesser Antilles, was introduced into Africa before 1900 and has previously been reported from Bénin, Togo, Ghana, Nigeria and South Africa. Here we show that it is also common in temporary ponds, fish ponds, dams and streams in the La Mé and Agnéby basins, southern Ivory Coast. Population dynamics were studied in one river in Agboville and in one permanent pond in Attinguié. Fortnightly sampling carried out throughout 2005 at the two sites revealed two main periods of recruitment: during the first rainy season in July and during the second rainy season in October. In the Agboville river, a positive association was found between P. marmorata densities and percentage cover of the aquatic plants Ipomea aquatica and Pistia stratiotes. Similar associations were found between P. marmorata densities and both high water redox potential and rainfall values. However in the Attinguié pond, a negative association was observed between Melanoides tuberculata and P. marmorata densities. We discuss the timing, status and potential consequences of the invasion of this snail species into the Ivory Coast and the African continent.